Article 1-10  |  Article 11-20  |  Article 21-27  |  Country-by-country emission targets

ENGLISH CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES Third session Kyoto, 1-10 December 1997

KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

Article 21

Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2 below. 

2. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall
exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member
States which are Parties to this Protocol. Such an organization shall not exercise its
right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right, and vice versa. 

Article 22 

The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Protocol. 


Article 23

This Protocol shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or
approval by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the
Convention. It shall be open for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York from
16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999. This Protocol shall be open for accession from the day
after the date on which it is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depositary. 

2. Any regional economic integration organization which becomes a Party to this Protocol
without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under
this Protocol. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a
Party to this Protocol, the organization and its member States shall decide on their
respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this Protocol.
In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise
rights under this Protocol concurrently. 

3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional
economic integration organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with
respect to the matters governed by this Protocol. These organizations shall also inform the
Depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any substantial modification in the
extent of their competence. 


Article 24

This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less
than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which
accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990
of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession. 

2. For the purposes of this Article, Òthe total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the
Parties included in Annex IÓ means the amount communicated on or before the date of
adoption of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in their first national
communications submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention. 

3. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or
approves this Protocol or accedes thereto after the conditions set out in paragraph 1 above
for the entry into force have been fulfilled, this Protocol shall enter into force on the
ninetieth day following the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession. 

4. For the purposes of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic
integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by States
members of the organization. 

Article 25

No reservations may be made to this Protocol. 

Article 26

At any time after three years from the date on which this Protocol has entered into force
for a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Protocol by giving written notification to
the Depositary. 

2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year from the date of receipt
by the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as may be
specified in the notification of withdrawal. 

3. Any Party that withdraws from the Convention shall be considered as also having
withdrawn from this Protocol. 

Article 27 

The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and
Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the
United Nations. Done at Kyoto this tenth day of December one thousand nine hundred and
ninety-seven. 

Annex A 

Greenhouse gases: 

Carbon dioxide (CO ) 2 
Methane (CH ) 4 
Nitrous oxide (N O) 2 
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) 
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF ) 6 

Sectors/source categories: 

Energy:

Fuel combustion 
Energy industries 
Manufacturing industries and construction 
Transport 
Other sectors 
Other

Fugitive emissions from fuels: 
Solid fuels 
Oil and natural gas 
Other 

Industrial processes:
Mineral products 
Chemical industry 
Metal production 
Other production 
Production of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride 
Consumption of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride 
Other

Solvent and other product use:

Agriculture:
 
Enteric fermentation 
Manure management 
Rice cultivation 
Agricultural soils 
Prescribed burning of savannas 
Field burning of agricultural residues 
Other

Waste:
Solid waste disposal on land 
Wastewater handling 
Waste incineration 
Other

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